韵语在英语教学中的运用
无论任何一种语言,韵文都因为它的言辞凝炼,语境优美,声律合辙,顺口易读,悦耳难忘而占有非常重要的席位。无论任何一个国家,历代哲人先知都极为推崇重视韵文,将其整理编撰成册,或课读蒙童,或赏阅评注。在我国,专为儿童编写的韵律课本起源久远,品目繁多,流传深广,如三字经,唐诗宋词和古诗文等等,都是因为它们既符合认字要求,又适于儿童兴味,于是自然成为训蒙教材,广泛流传,沿用至今。在英国,传统的语言教学也是着重为古典诗歌的。如《幼儿韵语》(Nursery Rhymes)就是一本儿歌集,在英国是家喻户晓,老幼娴熟,有诗有画,图文并茂,十分易于儿童朗读。正因为它们是最佳语言的表达方式,是最简捷的学语言途径,所以韵文在语言教学中的作用是不可忽视小瞧的。
在这次《我的教学理念和教学设计》竞赛课中,孙晋和李浩老师的课堂上都有计划有目的的运用到了。
Tall tall tall, make yourself tall
Short short short, make yourself short
Long long long, make yourself long
Big big big, make your eyes big
Small small small, make your eyes small
在语言教学的各阶段各层次,灌输一些韵语材料,他的好处都有那些呢?
其一,有利于激发学生的学习语言的兴趣。兴趣是学习语言的原动力,学生一旦对所学语言产生兴趣爱好,就会设法努力把握它。有效可行的办法便是读韵文、唱诗歌。韵文一般都是很短,能学会一篇再来一篇,常学常新,不致厌倦。
Little sheep, curly curly hair.
Climb hills, eat green grass.
Flowers are open and birds are singing.
Little sheep are dancing and jumping.
(小绵羊,卷卷毛,上山坡,吃青草。花儿开,鸟儿叫,小羊乐得蹦蹦跳。) 综上所诉,这是基于"生活中教,生活中学"的自然学习法则,它是婴幼儿学习外语的必经之路,如果有系统地适当增加一些读译内容,是他们获得中国足彩网的词汇量足够他们的思维表达所需。
其二,有利于正音正调、培养语感。所谓语感,是指学生对语言的敏感性,对字词含义的感情色彩理解程度。语感是无形捉摸的,须通过大量实践来感知和体会的,若以正确的音调,潜心诵读,反复品嚼那些优美韵文,则能早见成效。我国的著名的外国文学教授杨周翰先生说:培养语感的一个好办法就是读诗,如果不是最好的办法的话。有位在我国工作的外国教授也有谈到:语言是要讲究声韵的,但不是脱离日常生活语言的,只有在活的语言中学习语言,才能提高口头表达能力。
My red pen my red pen. I use my red pen
My red pen my red pen. I use a nice pen
其三,有利识记字词,提高阅读速度和理解能力。但世上书籍浩瀚如海,一个人的一生不可能本本都能读到,只有诗歌和韵语词汇丰富,典故众多,因此,多读些优美诗歌和韵文,可以事半功倍,增强理解能力,提高阅读速度。
在词汇方面:学生学习英语最大的烦恼是记忆单词。如果把学生要记忆的单词放到韵语、小诗上去,学生记忆单词难的问题就会得到解决。例如,学习了"that,hat,cat,rat,mat,bat"等单词后,学生在朗读下面韵语的过程中就会很容易地记住这些单词。
What's that? That's a cat.
It's holding a bat. It's wearing a hat.
It's sitting on a mat. It's looking at the rat.
在句型方面:如学习特殊疑问句"where"引导的句型,运用韵语的帮助学生记忆和掌握它。
Where is the bear? He is over there.
Where is the pear? It's on the chair.
Where is the ball? It's near the wall.
Where is Paul? He's in the hall.
学习回答助动词"Be,Do,Can"等引起的一般疑问句时也可利用下面的韵语。
Does she love him? Yes, she does.
Is she happy? Yes, she is.
Does he know it ? Yes, he does.
Can you hug him? Yes, she can.
Can she kiss him? Yes, she can.
Are they happy? Yes, they are.
Are they lucky? Yes, they are.
Do you know it? Yes, I do.
在语法方面:英语的人称代词和物主代词是我们中国学生的大难题。种类多,用法多,学生和容易混淆。教师反复给学生讲解,也让学生做大量的练习,结果他们还是弄不清楚。如果让他们背诵下面的韵语,他们就会比较准确地运用了。
This is mine. That's yours. Don't touch mine
This is hers. That's his. Don't touch hers.
What's mine is mine. What's yours is yours.
What's hers is hers. What's his is his.
What's ours is ours. What's theirs is tjeirs.
学生学习语法时,如果反复背诵一些语法知识便会感到厌烦。为了帮助学生记忆语法要点,让他们用记忆韵语来解决语法要点。如,动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式,可以用下面的韵语来理解这项语法知识。
Where does he live? He lives near the bank.
Where does he work? He works at the bank.
When does he work? He works all day and all night.
Where does he study? He studies at the bank.
Where does he sleep? He sleeps at the bank.
Why does he spend all day all night at the bank?
Because he loves his bank.
在练习和课后,还可以引导学生自己创作
如果学生在平时得到了大量的训练,他们在不知不觉中也会出口成章的。随着学生对这种学习方式的日益了解,他们就会自觉的运用这种方式来辅助他们的学习。